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Ethanol fuel in Hawaii
Ethanol is not presently manufactured in Hawaii and Hawaii State law requires all gasoline sold for vehicles to have up to 10% (signs at pumps indicate "up to" and not 10%) ethanol blended (E-10). No E-85 (85% ethanol) is yet sold for flex fuel use. About of ethanol were imported from the Caribbean or continental US in 2009.〔(Isle ethanol efforts stall: The two surviving ventures face high hurdles ), Alan Yonan Jr., ''Honolulu Star Advertiser, June 27, 2010〕 Shipping costs, which amount to 20 to 30 cents per gallon, are passed on to the consumer.
==Local production proposals==
Several companies registered to make ethanol over 3 years ago in Hawaii, but none had started construction as of 2011. Sugar cane plantations are expected to make ethanol. The first technology is fermentation of a faster-growing cane and secondary process employs cellulosic process from the waste (bagasse) of the first process. Enough cane could be grown to greatly reduce imports; however, a drop in the price of ethanol and later oil ended most of these proposals in Hawaii.〔 Pacific West proposed to run an ethanol plant and a waste to electricity plant on Kauai and even reached a power agreement with Kauai Electric in 2008.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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